风车状态下转子性能及通道内流动分析

为探究低展弦比压气机转子在风车状态下由压气机模式向涡轮模式转化过程中性能、内部流场结构以及气动损失的演化过程,提出了一种基于叶片和流体间能量传递的简化数值计算方法,以获得某转速下的风车状态临界流量点。在数值模拟的基础上,重点对比了同一转速线上压气机工况点(小流量工况)、风车临界点和涡轮工况点下叶尖泄漏损失的演化机制,同时探究了叶片通道内流动分离的演化过程。 结果显示,随着转速的增加,转子风车状态临界流量呈现近似线性的变化趋势。而同转速下随流量增大,叶尖泄漏流从吸力面流向压力面,并与压力面上的低能量流体进行掺混,造成了流动堵塞。同时,从压气机模式转向涡轮模式的过程中,叶尖区域的流动分离从吸力面分离转变为压力面分离,随后分离强度和尺寸逐渐增大,造成的气动损失显著增加;而在轮毂区域,流动分离始终保持吸力面分离,其分离尺度沿径向有所发展。     

Water takeoff performance calculation method for amphibious aircraft based on digital virtual flight

Owing to the strong coupling among the hydrodynamic forces, aerodynamic forces and motion of amphibious aircraft during the water takeoff process, the water takeoff performance is difficult to calculate accurately and quickly. Based on an analysis of the dynamics and kinematics characteristics of amphibious aircraft and the hydrodynamic theory of high-speed planing hulls, a suitable mathematical model is established for calculating the hydrodynamics of aircraft during water takeoff. A pilot model is designed to illustrate how pilots are affected by the lack of visual reference and the necessity to simultaneously control the pitch angle, flight velocity and other parameters during water takeoff. Combined with the aerodynamic model, engine thrust model and aircraft motion model, a digital virtual flight simulation model is developed for amphibious aircraft during water takeoff, and a calculation method for the water takeoff performance of amphibious aircraft is proposed based on digital virtual flight. Typical performance indicators, such as the liftoff time and liftoff distance, can be obtained via digital virtual flight calculations. A comparison of the measured flight test data and the calculation results shows that the calculation error is less than 10%, which verifies the correctness and accuracy of the proposed method. This method can be used for the preliminary evaluation of airworthiness compliance of amphibious aircraft design schemes, and the relevant calculation results can also provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of flight test plans for airworthiness certification.     

航空发动机高原起动性能改善措施

为了解决航空发动机高原起动超温和转速悬挂等问题,以某型航空发动机起动过程为研究对象,根据高原环境对发动机起动过程的影响进行理论分析,提出了优化高原起动措施,并进行了高原试验验证,摸索出各措施对起动过程的影响程度。结果表明:在发动机起动过程中采用飞机卸载的方式可使排气温度降低3%,起动机脱开转速提高3%;起动机功率提高约1%,点火转速及脱开转速提高约2%,起动时间缩短约8%。     

燃气轮机涡轮叶顶间隙气热技术研究进展

涡轮叶顶间隙泄漏流动对其流道内气动损失、传热状况甚至总体效率都有较为明显的影响,是降低涡轮气热性能的关键因素之一。长期以来,叶顶间隙区域的流动传热机理及其气热控制一直是燃气轮机领域研究的一个热点和难点问题。鉴于此,从叶顶间隙泄漏流动机理及影响因素、间隙泄漏控制方法、叶顶传热冷却机理、影响因素与控制、叶顶间隙气热优化以及过渡态叶顶间隙变化规律及建模与控制等方面对国内外近十年来涡轮叶顶间隙气热技术方面的研究进展进行综述,并简要总结了叶顶间隙泄漏流的常用研究方法,包括流动传热试验与数值计算方法等。最后,对涡轮叶顶间隙气热技术的未来研究重点和发展趋势进行了展望。     

New design simulation for a high-altitude dual-balloon system to extend lifetime and improve floating performance

This paper presents a comprehensive simulation for a high-altitude dual-balloon system which consists of zero- and super-pressure balloons. Preliminary calculations were established to describe the basic concept of the new integrated system. A mathematical model was investigated to simulate the ascending and floating processes which considered the atmospheric conditions and thermodynamic variations. Based on the simulation, results showed that the floating altitude stability between daytime and nighttime was improved. This integrated system supports higher floating altitude levels than those of ordinary balloons and extends the lifetime of floating balloon systems. Moreover, results demonstrated that the integrated system was lighter than ordinary balloons, saving useful weight for effective payload. Furthermore, exploiting the advantages of both kinds of balloons while avoiding the difficulties was a significant goal in the current design to promote the floating performance of high-altitude balloons technology.     

ASW-RTS:一种软件性能数据在线检测方法

在软件健康管理系统中,需要对相关被测构件的性能进行在线检测,从而确定构件的健康状态。针对被测构件的性能衰退检测问题,在AR(p)模型基础上,结合时间序列滚动式算法的准确性,提出了一种具有自适性策略的ASWRTS算法,用于对被测构件革新异常类性能数据的在线检测,提高检测的准确度,并基于该算法设计了构件性能异常数据的在线检测过程。实验结果表明,该算法将检测精度提高了50%左右,能够有效在线检测构件的性能衰退,说明了该算法的正确性和有效性。     

基于分布式管理架构的应用型网管系统的设计与研究

根据当前IT应用的普及情况,分析了大中型企业中网络资源管理存在的问题,研究了网管软件的相关技术并设计了一套符合当前应用需求的分布式管理架构的应用型网管系统。该系统不但可监测各类操作系统的性能,还可对数据库、WEB服务等应用服务器的性能进行监控。结合网管软件的发展动态,展示了该应用型网管系统的工程应用价值。     

An artificial neural network approach for aerodynamic performance retention in airframe noise reduction design of a 3D swept wing model

With the progress of high-bypass turbofan and the innovation of silencing nacelle in engine noise reduction, airframe noise has now become another important sound source besides the engine noise. Thus, reducing airframe noise makes a great contribution to the overall noise reduction of a civil aircraft. However, reducing airframe noise often leads to aerodynamic perfor-mance loss in the meantime. In this case, an approach based on artificial neural network is intro-duced. An established database serves as a basis and the training sample of a back propagation (BP) artificial neural network, which uses confidence coefficient reasoning method for optimization later on. Then the most satisfactory configuration is selected for validating computations through the trained BP network. On the basis of the artificial neural network approach, an optimization pro-cess of slat cove filler (SCF) for high lift devices (HLD) on the Trap Wing is presented. Aerody-namic performance of both the baseline and optimized configurations is investigated through unsteady detached eddy simulations (DES), and a hybrid method, which combines unsteady DES method with acoustic analogy theory, is employed to validate the noise reduction effect. The numerical results indicate not merely a significant airframe noise reduction effect but also excel-lent aerodynamic performance retention simultaneously.     

Reliable flight performance assessment of multirotor based on interacting multiple model particle filter and health degree

Multirotor has been applied to many military and civilian mission scenarios. From the perspective of reliability, it is difficult to ensure that multirotors do not generate hardware and software failures or performance anomalies during the flight process. These failures and anomalies may result in mission interruptions, crashes, and even threats to the lives and property of human beings. Thus, the study of flight reliability problems of multirotors is conductive to the development of the drone industry and has theoretical significance and engineering value. This paper proposes a reliable flight performance assessment method of multirotors based on an Interacting Multiple Model Particle Filter (IMMPF) algorithm and health degree as the performance indicator. First, the multirotor is modeled by the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) model, and the problem of reliable flight performance assessment is formulated. In order to solve the problem, the IMMPF algorithm is presented to estimate the real-time probability distribution of hybrid state of the established SHS-based multirotor model, since it can decrease estimation errors compared with the standard interacting multiple model algorithm based on extended Kalman filter. Then, the reliable flight performance is assessed with health degree based on the estimation result. Finally, a case study of a multirotor suffering from sensor anomalies is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

开式转子发动机研究进展

开式转子发动机以高推进效率、低燃油消耗率和低污染物排放的"一高两低"优势,成为经济友好型航空发动机的典型代表,是下一代民用飞机潜在的动力备选方案之一。本文主要从开式转子发动机总体性能仿真技术、对转桨扇设计技术、传动附件设计技术、部件及整机试验技术等四个方面,分析开式转子发动机研发历史及相关技术研究进展。结合国内开式转子发动机研究现状,梳理出开式转子发动机的发展脉络,归纳出开展开式转子发动机研究所涉及的关键技术,并对未来的研究重点和发展路线进行展望,以期为开式转子发动机相关技术的后续研究提供技术支持。